Digital Circuit- A group of electronic components that use binary signals to perform some tasks.
Integrated circuits- (IC) a 'chip' (aka a microchip or silicon chip) that contains many components in a microscopic circuit, usually etched into a semiconductor material, most commercial digital circuit come in this form.
Analog signal- One whose output varies continually in step with the input.
Integrated circuits- (IC) a 'chip' (aka a microchip or silicon chip) that contains many components in a microscopic circuit, usually etched into a semiconductor material, most commercial digital circuit come in this form.
Analog signal- One whose output varies continually in step with the input.
Digital signal- One whose output varies at discrete voltage levels commonly called High or Low (1 and 0)
Why Digital
-Data can be stored (Memory characteristics of digital)
-Data can be used in calculations
-Compatible with display technology
Why Analog
-Most "real world" events are analog in nature
-Analog processing is usually simpler
-Analog processing is usually fast
-Traditional electronic systems were mostly analog in nature
-Data can be stored (Memory characteristics of digital)
-Data can be used in calculations
-Compatible with display technology
Why Analog
-Most "real world" events are analog in nature
-Analog processing is usually simpler
-Analog processing is usually fast
-Traditional electronic systems were mostly analog in nature
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Binary Conversion
Throughout the binary conversion topic we learned numerous things such as how to convert between decimal, binary and hexadecimal. This is good to know and to understand because binary is the building blocks of all programs within a device and it is important especially for capacitor and transistor pairing where the transistor translates to the capacitor whether to hold a high or a low state (1 or 0). When dealing with chips and IC's there are hundreds and thousands of these transistor capacitor pairings translating helping the circuit work as it should. It is also useful when designing programs to hold information such as notepad or word, or even when making a keyboard, because the keyboard has to send a send a signal to the PC to convert the signal into ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) allowing the user to write within the program. Thus this binary conversion topic was extremely useful.
Throughout the binary conversion topic we learned numerous things such as how to convert between decimal, binary and hexadecimal. This is good to know and to understand because binary is the building blocks of all programs within a device and it is important especially for capacitor and transistor pairing where the transistor translates to the capacitor whether to hold a high or a low state (1 or 0). When dealing with chips and IC's there are hundreds and thousands of these transistor capacitor pairings translating helping the circuit work as it should. It is also useful when designing programs to hold information such as notepad or word, or even when making a keyboard, because the keyboard has to send a send a signal to the PC to convert the signal into ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) allowing the user to write within the program. Thus this binary conversion topic was extremely useful.
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7 Logic Gates
Gate Boolean Equation
NAND AxB=Y
NOR A+B=Y
XOR AoB=Y
______
OR A+B=Y
XNOR AoB
__
NOT A=Y
Gate Boolean Equation
NAND AxB=Y
NOR A+B=Y
XOR AoB=Y
______
OR A+B=Y
XNOR AoB
__
NOT A=Y
Logic Gates & Boolean Equation
We learned about digital circuits which involved logic gates. Logic gates are simple circuits/ IC's with outputs one output of low or high. There are 7 logic gates that are inside many digital circuits. With different logic gates a circuit can take different inputs and produce outputs for different functions involved in everyday life. Diodes, transistors and other devices can be used to create logic gates, especially the thousands of transistor capacitor pairings located inside the IC. In lab two we used an IC chip white consisted of four NAND logic gates. They had two inputs, A and B, and only one output, C. So through this pin 1 and pin 2 are the inputs while pin 3 is the output for this first NAND gate. |
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Digital Circuits
Electricity flow can be compared to a water flow- pressure is applied at one end of the pipe (or wire) than water (or electricity) will flow out the other end.
Circuit- A combination of a power supply and a load device connected electrically by a conducting wire.
Resistor
-Used to control the current (I) or the voltage (V)
-Maximum power level measured in watts (vxi) depends of materials in use and the physical size
-resistance values in units of OHMS based on color coded stripes for small resistors
# color
0 black
1 brown
2 red
3 orange
4 yellow
5 green
6 blue
7 violet
8 grey
9 white
Electricity flow can be compared to a water flow- pressure is applied at one end of the pipe (or wire) than water (or electricity) will flow out the other end.
Circuit- A combination of a power supply and a load device connected electrically by a conducting wire.
Resistor
-Used to control the current (I) or the voltage (V)
-Maximum power level measured in watts (vxi) depends of materials in use and the physical size
-resistance values in units of OHMS based on color coded stripes for small resistors
# color
0 black
1 brown
2 red
3 orange
4 yellow
5 green
6 blue
7 violet
8 grey
9 white
Electronic Circuit theory and Bread boarding
In Electronic circuit theory we learned the principles of making a circuit, safety precautions, troubleshoot, and how to read them. Such as when a schematic diagram is given to translate the components onto the breadboard in the correct sequence and to have everything working properly. We also learned to trouble shoot parts such as if an LED is not shining what the cause is behind the LED not working, also knowing basic info about the components such as the difference between a NPN and a PNP transistor, the color code for the resistors and etc. For the breadboarding we learned that there are metal strips underneath the plastic in rows so that when power is connected to the board and there is a jumper from the power to a specific part on the board, the whole row will be receiving power not just that individual spot. |
Logic Probe & Logic Gate Lab
For the Logic probe and Logic gate Lab we input components to make a logic probe which is a device used to test if a current is passing through a certain point of the board, if a high signal is being output then the red LED will turn on however if the signal output is low then the green LED will turn on and when the probe is on float then both the LED's will turn on. When working with the logic gate lab we plugged in numerous chips and using the probe determined what logic gate the circuit uses. |
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Roulette (Tracer) LED Project
For the LED roulette wheel we learned the basic function of the 4017 countdown timer as known as the Johnson counter. For this we had to create a 10 LED light display in the shape of a roulette wheel, this assignment involved allot of jumpers leading from the 4017 IC to the LED's. What made this task even more challenging was that the pin number did not correlate with the output number (so pin 1 was not output 0). We also learned a more efficient way to have a resistor with the circuit to connect to ground, this was done by connected all the negative LED legs together using jumpers and then using only one resistor to connect the LED's to ground.
For the LED roulette wheel we learned the basic function of the 4017 countdown timer as known as the Johnson counter. For this we had to create a 10 LED light display in the shape of a roulette wheel, this assignment involved allot of jumpers leading from the 4017 IC to the LED's. What made this task even more challenging was that the pin number did not correlate with the output number (so pin 1 was not output 0). We also learned a more efficient way to have a resistor with the circuit to connect to ground, this was done by connected all the negative LED legs together using jumpers and then using only one resistor to connect the LED's to ground.