System Hardware
What is a Computer?
A computer is a digital electronic information processing system which is used for storing and processing data typically under binary format. This information consists of text, video, audio, numerical and other forms of input and output, these are coded into the binary values consisting on 0's and 1's inside the computer system. Processing is the changing of information inputs and outputs this includes multiple types of communication between the hardware and the software. A system consists of many parts which are classified into four sectors user, application of software, system software and hardware. The operating system is the software which controls the basic functionality of the computer, by timing the tasks, controlling peripherals and executing applications. The software consists of inputs, processing, memory, storage and output. Peripherals are the external add on devices such as printers, scanners finger print scanners and etc. Bytes are the grouping of 8 bits that may be translated into data. This data can come in a variety of ways
COMPUTER PARTS DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTION
Mother board or System board- Is main circuit board of the computer and it is a rectangle and the biggest piece in shape, all computer parts are connected to it. It is multicoloured, and makes everything work together in computer systems
ROM-is a memory containing hard-wired instruction, that a computer uses when it boots up, before the system software loads.ROM refers to read only memory
CPU-a processor that processes everything from basic instructions to complex function in computer
EXPANSION CARDS-Type of cards that gives the computer new abilities as the ability to connect to other computers through the network. types are video, sound, network cards available in market for this purpose
AGP Slot (Accelerated Graphics Port)-graphic card expansion port on motherboard, designed by Intel Inc, and transfer data at 528MB/s.
Resolution- Resolution refer to the screen /print or scan detail of an image
Bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps, MB/s- Measures how fast or in speed data moves across a network.
Byte, MB, KB, GB, TB- used to measure file size, hard disk space, and computer
MT/s Mega transfer per second - Mega transfers per second, refers to the number of data transfers in computer systems.
Basic Input Output System BIOS, It possesses all the code required to control the keyboard and display screen, etc. and it is used to determine what a computer can do without accessing programs from a disk. The BIOS is built into the motherboard and uses CMOS memory to supply itself power, This is why even when a computer is unplugged the time is up to date due to the CMOS memory which powers the clock and many other aspects of the system.
I: Input - The information, ideas, and resources used in creating a program for IT purposes
P: Processing - Actions taken using input or stored material for processing
O: Output - Results of the processing that then comes out of the system
S: Systems - Location where materials inside the system are placed /saved for possible use at a later point in time
A computer is a digital electronic information processing system which is used for storing and processing data typically under binary format. This information consists of text, video, audio, numerical and other forms of input and output, these are coded into the binary values consisting on 0's and 1's inside the computer system. Processing is the changing of information inputs and outputs this includes multiple types of communication between the hardware and the software. A system consists of many parts which are classified into four sectors user, application of software, system software and hardware. The operating system is the software which controls the basic functionality of the computer, by timing the tasks, controlling peripherals and executing applications. The software consists of inputs, processing, memory, storage and output. Peripherals are the external add on devices such as printers, scanners finger print scanners and etc. Bytes are the grouping of 8 bits that may be translated into data. This data can come in a variety of ways
COMPUTER PARTS DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTION
Mother board or System board- Is main circuit board of the computer and it is a rectangle and the biggest piece in shape, all computer parts are connected to it. It is multicoloured, and makes everything work together in computer systems
ROM-is a memory containing hard-wired instruction, that a computer uses when it boots up, before the system software loads.ROM refers to read only memory
CPU-a processor that processes everything from basic instructions to complex function in computer
EXPANSION CARDS-Type of cards that gives the computer new abilities as the ability to connect to other computers through the network. types are video, sound, network cards available in market for this purpose
AGP Slot (Accelerated Graphics Port)-graphic card expansion port on motherboard, designed by Intel Inc, and transfer data at 528MB/s.
Resolution- Resolution refer to the screen /print or scan detail of an image
Bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps, MB/s- Measures how fast or in speed data moves across a network.
Byte, MB, KB, GB, TB- used to measure file size, hard disk space, and computer
MT/s Mega transfer per second - Mega transfers per second, refers to the number of data transfers in computer systems.
Basic Input Output System BIOS, It possesses all the code required to control the keyboard and display screen, etc. and it is used to determine what a computer can do without accessing programs from a disk. The BIOS is built into the motherboard and uses CMOS memory to supply itself power, This is why even when a computer is unplugged the time is up to date due to the CMOS memory which powers the clock and many other aspects of the system.
I: Input - The information, ideas, and resources used in creating a program for IT purposes
P: Processing - Actions taken using input or stored material for processing
O: Output - Results of the processing that then comes out of the system
S: Systems - Location where materials inside the system are placed /saved for possible use at a later point in time
![Picture](/uploads/2/1/0/6/21066552/933988820.gif?468)
TYPES OF SOFTWARES
System Software: It helps in running the computer hardware and the computer system. System software is designed to control and operate and control the hardware of the computer which provides a platform for the software to be based and run on.
Programming Software: A software development tool which software developers use to create, debug, and maintain and applications gradually improving the performance and the specifications of the application over time.
Application Software: Application software is all the software which enhances the computers abilities causing it to run useful tasks beyond it just working and starting up. These extensions of the computer can improve the abilities of the computer causing the overall performance to increase.
PC build tutorial
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lPIXAtNGGCw
Maintenance
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5K02P5I8BsE
System Software: It helps in running the computer hardware and the computer system. System software is designed to control and operate and control the hardware of the computer which provides a platform for the software to be based and run on.
Programming Software: A software development tool which software developers use to create, debug, and maintain and applications gradually improving the performance and the specifications of the application over time.
Application Software: Application software is all the software which enhances the computers abilities causing it to run useful tasks beyond it just working and starting up. These extensions of the computer can improve the abilities of the computer causing the overall performance to increase.
PC build tutorial
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lPIXAtNGGCw
Maintenance
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5K02P5I8BsE
![Picture](/uploads/2/1/0/6/21066552/849653669.png?290)
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Electric shock, sharp objects and toxic substances (lead solder).
Always unplug the PS and monitor before opening the case.
Never open a monitor or power supply.
Keep wires and cables from pinching and getting broken or kinked.
Do not force connectors into the socket, but check for proper alignments so the pins on the connectors don't break or get damaged.
Electric shock, sharp objects and toxic substances (lead solder).
Always unplug the PS and monitor before opening the case.
Never open a monitor or power supply.
Keep wires and cables from pinching and getting broken or kinked.
Do not force connectors into the socket, but check for proper alignments so the pins on the connectors don't break or get damaged.
![Picture](/uploads/2/1/0/6/21066552/413922962.png?382)
System Model IPO
The system model IPO are the basic classification of the computer can be divided into, these include input, storage, memory, processing and output. Each of the classification identifies a different part of the overall system, for example ram and the ROM(Read Only Memory) go under the memory aspect of the system. The CPU, the motherboard and even the case comes under the processing end of the spectrum. For inputs we have all the peripherals which can be used such as keyboard, mic, scanner, mouse, webcam and etc. Some of these are required for full functionality, such as for navigating, electronically getting documents and etc. Next is the storage, the basic hard drive and any means of storage such as the solid state drive and many more come under this. Lastly for the output category include monitor, printers, speakers, data, projector and etc. This is because all these items output something such as a monitor outputs the visuals so that the person can see what is going on. Therefore IPO is the representation of input processing and output which are the bare bones requirements for a system.
The system model IPO are the basic classification of the computer can be divided into, these include input, storage, memory, processing and output. Each of the classification identifies a different part of the overall system, for example ram and the ROM(Read Only Memory) go under the memory aspect of the system. The CPU, the motherboard and even the case comes under the processing end of the spectrum. For inputs we have all the peripherals which can be used such as keyboard, mic, scanner, mouse, webcam and etc. Some of these are required for full functionality, such as for navigating, electronically getting documents and etc. Next is the storage, the basic hard drive and any means of storage such as the solid state drive and many more come under this. Lastly for the output category include monitor, printers, speakers, data, projector and etc. This is because all these items output something such as a monitor outputs the visuals so that the person can see what is going on. Therefore IPO is the representation of input processing and output which are the bare bones requirements for a system.
![Picture](/uploads/2/1/0/6/21066552/140496984.jpeg?393)
Types of software
There are numerous categories in which the types of software break down into, such as into system software and application software. System software is the basic software designed to operate and control the computers hardware, while the application software is the software that causes the computer to perform useful tasks beyond the basic functionality of the computer. Some examples of system software are the Translators, OS and the packages received or sent, and some examples of application software are the application packages and special purpose software. These are the more in depth categories but the types of software example such as windows for the operating system or linker for the packages.
There are numerous categories in which the types of software break down into, such as into system software and application software. System software is the basic software designed to operate and control the computers hardware, while the application software is the software that causes the computer to perform useful tasks beyond the basic functionality of the computer. Some examples of system software are the Translators, OS and the packages received or sent, and some examples of application software are the application packages and special purpose software. These are the more in depth categories but the types of software example such as windows for the operating system or linker for the packages.
![Picture](/uploads/2/1/0/6/21066552/482806025.jpg?490)
PC Hardware Research & Specifications
Throughout this project we learned numerous things such as how a specific subsystem works alongside other subsystem to make up a working computer. In this case I personally got the PCI Express (Peripheral component interconnect Express) which is an expansion port located on the motherboard, it also has a serial connection which in this case is better because of the fact that all PCI X16 ports contains 16 serial connections contracting the problem of the connection being slow. In addition PCI Express is a bus however it acts more like a network due to all the lanes simultaneously exchanging data through packets.This project really gave me more insight about how this Bus connects to the rest of the computer and how it behaves especially when new peripherals are added such as video card, sound card and etc.
Throughout this project we learned numerous things such as how a specific subsystem works alongside other subsystem to make up a working computer. In this case I personally got the PCI Express (Peripheral component interconnect Express) which is an expansion port located on the motherboard, it also has a serial connection which in this case is better because of the fact that all PCI X16 ports contains 16 serial connections contracting the problem of the connection being slow. In addition PCI Express is a bus however it acts more like a network due to all the lanes simultaneously exchanging data through packets.This project really gave me more insight about how this Bus connects to the rest of the computer and how it behaves especially when new peripherals are added such as video card, sound card and etc.
PC Custom Design & Purchase
On the PC custom design and purchase assignment we had to create a future proof PC based on our own experiences and necessities and the maximum price include tax has to be $1600. Throughout this project we learned numerous things such as how the clock speed of the ram has to be supported by the motherboard other wise the computer will not run, or that getting more Ram does not always result in getting a speed boost or a performance boost within the computer. Within this project I created my ideal PC which has a powerful processor and graphics card, however then I had to reduce the amount of money to spend on peripherals such as monitor, keyboard, and mouse. However with the extra money spent on the higher clocked ram, better CPU and Graphics card means that I had better overall system performance and that my components will not bottleneck the performance out of the PC. Therefore making this the ultimate PC for my uses and needs. |
REFERENCES CITED
Computer images.(n.d).March2,2014 Retrieved from www.Google images.ca html.
Concept map of computer.(n.d) March1,2014. Retrieved from www.googleimages.ca
Computers(n.d)28February,2014.Retrieved from www.wikipedia.org
Computer images.(n.d).March2,2014 Retrieved from www.Google images.ca html.
Concept map of computer.(n.d) March1,2014. Retrieved from www.googleimages.ca
Computers(n.d)28February,2014.Retrieved from www.wikipedia.org
During the unit we also worked on Python coding, we learned the basics such as creating loops, having the program show time and date and etc. Each topic under the command line performed a different command. such as the command:
from datetime import datetime
now = datetime.now()
print '%s/%s/%s %s:%s:%s' % (now.month, now.day, now.year,now.hour, now.minute, now.second) this command would specifically show the exact date and time. Where as the command: friends = {"Ben": "Brooklyn", "Alan": "Brooklyn", "Craig": "Queens", "Jem": "Bronx"}
print "Your friends live in closest in: "
for key in friends:
if friends[key] == "Brooklyn":
print key
else:
print "These friends live further away: "
for key in friends:
if friends[key] != "Brooklyn":
print key
This would keep on repeating the command until the person got the answer correct within the code. We also combined all the skills learned from the Python tutorials and applied it to create a questionnaire which has its source code listed below.
from datetime import datetime
now = datetime.now()
print '%s/%s/%s %s:%s:%s' % (now.month, now.day, now.year,now.hour, now.minute, now.second) this command would specifically show the exact date and time. Where as the command: friends = {"Ben": "Brooklyn", "Alan": "Brooklyn", "Craig": "Queens", "Jem": "Bronx"}
print "Your friends live in closest in: "
for key in friends:
if friends[key] == "Brooklyn":
print key
else:
print "These friends live further away: "
for key in friends:
if friends[key] != "Brooklyn":
print key
This would keep on repeating the command until the person got the answer correct within the code. We also combined all the skills learned from the Python tutorials and applied it to create a questionnaire which has its source code listed below.
![](http://www.weebly.com/weebly/images/file_icons/txt.png)
java_quiz_code.txt | |
File Size: | 3 kb |
File Type: | txt |
Drawdio- DIY FEU Projects
The Drawdio is a device which latches on to a graphite pencil and is a synthesizer which uses the basic properties of a pencil to produce sounds. The components that are consisted within the kit are a printed circuit board, TLC551 or similar low voltage '555 timer chip, a PN2907 transistor, a 680pF generic ceramic capacitor, 0.1uF generic ceramic capacitor, 1/4W 5% 10 MEGA ohm resistor, a 1/4W 5% 10 ohm resistor, 1/4W 5% 10K resistor, 1/4W 5% 300K resistor, AAA battery holder, Small 8ohm speaker, Copper foil tape, Thumbtack, Pencil, Zip tie, and wires. The Drawdio kit runs on an AAA battery. It is held in the battery holder which is soldered onto the printed circuit board. As portrayed onto the diagram there is a switch which is S1 and it can either connect or disconnect the battery cutting off power to the rest of the circuit. Next, there is a bypass capacitor added to smoothen out any surges that could occur such as the sound with is indicated by C4. A TLC551 chip is used which is a lower voltage version of the infamous 555 timer chip; this chip is used as an oscillator and timers. In this kit there are two large resistors, one is 10k while the other one is 300k these two are placed at opposite ends of the PCB instead of the resistor between the tabs the conductivity of the human body and graphite are used. The body’s resistance is calculated to be approximately 200,000 and the resistance of the graphite varies on the inch so when applied and spread onto the paper it can potentially reach a megaohm and it has the resistance of 1ohm per inch. The 551 chip can create an oscillation but is unable to disperse them as well as a speaker; an example would be an MP3 player which can’t disperse audio unless a speaker is attached to it via headphones of audio jack. This is due to the fact that the chip is designed for digital logic audio output and transistors are used to amplify the audio enough for it to be hearable. For my future I personally want to go into a field related to the computers such as computer engineering which relates directly into the kit made by me. The drawdio contains numerous electrical components which are the basis of computer engineering these include the chips like the 555 timer chip in this case, or the resistors and capacitors. Computer Engineering revolves around finding new and innovative way to make technological advancements, I am making the Drawdio kit which not only has resistors but also uses the resistance from the lead and the user itself which I find personally to be pretty innovative. There are many new technological advancements that are coming out which are directly related to my future career. One of this technology’s is the laser keyboard which is a small device which projects harmless lasers into forming a keyboard, this piece of technology is absolutely mind blowing how someone was able to project a keyboard and make it responsive to the actions of the user. In my future career these are types of innovations are what will be created by possibly even more advanced by expanding from peripherals to possibly the whole computer itself, the possibilities for new creations are endless. Another example would be computers having the sense of smell, this is already applied in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and this program monitors the temperature fluctuations and the environment to try to preserve the art as much as possible. This program is a whole new type of technology which is self aware and has an artificial intelligence which causes it to react to its surroundings, in computer engineering this type of programming and hardware will soon if it has not already become highly common within the public.
The Drawdio is a device which latches on to a graphite pencil and is a synthesizer which uses the basic properties of a pencil to produce sounds. The components that are consisted within the kit are a printed circuit board, TLC551 or similar low voltage '555 timer chip, a PN2907 transistor, a 680pF generic ceramic capacitor, 0.1uF generic ceramic capacitor, 1/4W 5% 10 MEGA ohm resistor, a 1/4W 5% 10 ohm resistor, 1/4W 5% 10K resistor, 1/4W 5% 300K resistor, AAA battery holder, Small 8ohm speaker, Copper foil tape, Thumbtack, Pencil, Zip tie, and wires. The Drawdio kit runs on an AAA battery. It is held in the battery holder which is soldered onto the printed circuit board. As portrayed onto the diagram there is a switch which is S1 and it can either connect or disconnect the battery cutting off power to the rest of the circuit. Next, there is a bypass capacitor added to smoothen out any surges that could occur such as the sound with is indicated by C4. A TLC551 chip is used which is a lower voltage version of the infamous 555 timer chip; this chip is used as an oscillator and timers. In this kit there are two large resistors, one is 10k while the other one is 300k these two are placed at opposite ends of the PCB instead of the resistor between the tabs the conductivity of the human body and graphite are used. The body’s resistance is calculated to be approximately 200,000 and the resistance of the graphite varies on the inch so when applied and spread onto the paper it can potentially reach a megaohm and it has the resistance of 1ohm per inch. The 551 chip can create an oscillation but is unable to disperse them as well as a speaker; an example would be an MP3 player which can’t disperse audio unless a speaker is attached to it via headphones of audio jack. This is due to the fact that the chip is designed for digital logic audio output and transistors are used to amplify the audio enough for it to be hearable. For my future I personally want to go into a field related to the computers such as computer engineering which relates directly into the kit made by me. The drawdio contains numerous electrical components which are the basis of computer engineering these include the chips like the 555 timer chip in this case, or the resistors and capacitors. Computer Engineering revolves around finding new and innovative way to make technological advancements, I am making the Drawdio kit which not only has resistors but also uses the resistance from the lead and the user itself which I find personally to be pretty innovative. There are many new technological advancements that are coming out which are directly related to my future career. One of this technology’s is the laser keyboard which is a small device which projects harmless lasers into forming a keyboard, this piece of technology is absolutely mind blowing how someone was able to project a keyboard and make it responsive to the actions of the user. In my future career these are types of innovations are what will be created by possibly even more advanced by expanding from peripherals to possibly the whole computer itself, the possibilities for new creations are endless. Another example would be computers having the sense of smell, this is already applied in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and this program monitors the temperature fluctuations and the environment to try to preserve the art as much as possible. This program is a whole new type of technology which is self aware and has an artificial intelligence which causes it to react to its surroundings, in computer engineering this type of programming and hardware will soon if it has not already become highly common within the public.